Apa itu Freight Forwarders?

Menurut situs GAFEKSI (Gabungan Forwarder & Ekspedisi Indonesia) atau INFA (Indonesian Forwarders Associations) -www.infa.or.id-; Jasa Ekspedisi Angkutan Barang (Freight Forwarding Services) merupakan jasa yang berhubungan dengan penerimaan, angkutan, pengkonsolidasian, penyimpanan, penyerahan, Logistik dan atau distribusi barang beserta jasa tambahan dan jasa pemberian nasehat yang terkait dengannya, termasuk kegiatan kepabeanan dan perpajakan, kewajiban pemberitahuan tentang barang untuk keperluan instansi pemerintah, penutupan asuransi barang dan pengutipan atau pembayaran tagihan atau dokumen yang berhubungan dengan barang tersebut.

Secara garis besar Freight Forwarding Services meliputi:

Ø       Ocean freight forwarder / NVOC

Ø       Air freight forwarder / air cargo agent

Ø       Customs Agent

Ø       Road haulier – Trucking

Ø       In transit warehousing / Depot Opeartors

Ø       Packing / Consolidating

Mengapa anda butuh Freight Forwarders’ Liability?

Care Custody and Control

Freight Forwarders bertanggung jawab terhadap barang-barang pihak ketiga (cargo) yang berada dalam penanganan dan pengawasannya (care, custody and control) agar aman dan selamat samapi tujuan.

So Many Parties

Mengangkut barang dari satu lokasi ke lokasi lainnya diseluruh Indonesia (domestic) maupun diseluruh belahan bumi (worldwide) melibatkan banyak sekali pihak-pihak terkait mulai dari pemilik barang, sub-kontraktor, pihak angkutan darat, pihak pekerja bongkar muat, pelabuhan, pihak pelayaran, bea-cukai, dan pihak ketiga lainya. Jika terjadi klaim, siapa yang beratnggung jawab?

So Many Claims

Klaim dapat timbul dari kontrak pengangkutan, bill of lading atau airway bill, kontrak pergudangan, maupun tanggung gugat hukum pihak ketiga lainnya yang mungkin timbul dari suatu peristiwa kecekaan pengangkutan.

High Cost of Defence

Terbukti bertanggung jawab ataupun tidak, jika terjadi suatu permasalahan maka dapat dipastikan bahwa biaya investigasi dan pembelaan hukum bisa sangat mahal, biaya pengacara (lawyer) dan biaya-biaya pengadilan baik tingkat pertama, banding dan kasasi bisa sangat lama dan sangat mahal.

Freight Forwarders’ Liabilty Insurance sebenarnya adalah persyaratan wajib (compulsory) bagi perusahaan untuk bisa beroperasi di bidang jasa freight forwarders, namun demikian yang terjadi di Indonesia FFL belumlah merupakan keharusan terkecuali jika mereka dipersyaratkan dalam suatu kontrak atau keagenan dengan perusahaan asing.

Bukankah sudah ada “Marine Cargo Insurance”?

Marine Cargo Insurance dibeli dan premi dibayar oleh pemilik barang (cargo owner) untuk menjamin kerusakan atau kerugian yang terjadi pada kargo selama dalam perjalanan (transit), jika kerusakan atau kerugian kargo terjadi akibat dan berada dalam penanganan dan pengawasan (care, custody and control) Freight Forwarders, maka pemilik kargo maupun cargo underwriters akan menuntut hak subrogasi kepada perusahaan Freight Forwarders.

Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (Pasal 1365 dan 1366)

Pasal 1365.

Tiap perbuatan yang melanggar hukum dan membawa kerugian kepada orang lain, mewajibkan orang yang karena salahnya menimbulkan kerugian itu untuk mengganti kerugian tersebut.

Pasal 1366.

Setiap orang bertanggung jawab, bukan hanya atas kerugian yang disebabkan perbuatan-perbuatannya, melainkan juga atas kerugian yang disebabkan kelalaian atau kurang hati-hatinya.

Apa yang dijamin dalam Freight Forwarders’ Liability?

Polis  Freight Forwarders’ Liability Insurance memberikan jaminan yang lengkap untuk segala aktivitas jasa pengangkutan barang, tidak hanya terbatas pada jaminan atas kerugian dan kerusakan kargo tetapi juga menjamin consequential loss, misdelivery, delay, fines & duties, dan tentu saja jaminan terhadap third party legal liability, yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok jaminan:

1)       Cargo and Related Liabilities

2)       Third Party Liability

3)       Liability for Fines & Duty

4)       Claims Expenses

1)       Cargo and Related Liabilities

Menjamin tanggung gugat hukum terhadap kerugian atau kerusakan kargo yang berada dalam penanganan atau pengawasan, freight forwarder sesuai dengan kontrak pengangkuan atau konvensi pengangkutan internasional;

a.    Kerusakan atau kerugian fisik pada kargo

b.    Kerusakan atau kerugian fisik pada kapal atau peralatan pihak ketiga

c.    Kerugian lanjutan atau biaya-biaya ekstra (direct consequential loss) sebagai akibat dari kerusakan atau kerugian a dan b

d.    Kesalahan pengiriman, penyerahan kargo dan keterlambatan karena kelalaian dalam menjalankan SOP, (delay, incorrect or wrongful delivery of cargo, failure or omission to follow specific instruction)

e.    Kontribusi biaya GA yang tidak bisa diperoleh dari klien (cargo’s contribution to general average and salvage which the Insured is unable to recover form the Customers)

2)       Third Party Liability

Menjamin tanggung gugat hukum terhadap cidera badan atau kerusakan harta benda pihak ketiga akibat suatu kecelakaan dalam pengangkutan atau kegiatan freight forwarder

a.    Cidera badan pihak ketiga (third party bodily injury)

b.    Kerusakan atau kerugian harta benda pihak ketga (loss or damage to third party property)

c.    Kerugian lanjutan atau biaya-biaya ekstra (direct consequential loss) yang diderita pihak ketiga sebagai akibat dari a dan b

3)       Liability for Fines & Duty

Menjamin tanggung gugat hukum terhadap biaya-biaya, denda akibat pelanggaran aturan kepabeanan (custom) atau regulasi yang berlaku (Unintentional breach of any law or statutory provision) sehubungan dengan:

a.    Export-import kargo

b.    Peralatan (equipment) yang digunakan untuk pengankutan atau handling kargo

c.    Keimigrasian (immigration)

d.    K3 (safety of working conditions)

4)       Claims Expenses

Menjamin biaya-biaya perkara dan pengacara dalam proses klaim dan penyelesaian klaim, biaya-biaya tsb dapat meliputi:

a.    biaya-biaya surveyor, lawyer, or expert

b.    biaya-biaya untuk memusnahkan kargo

c.    biaya-biaya karantina, fumigasi, disinfektan (selain untuk prosedur normal)

Siapa saja yang bisa klaim kepada Freight Forwarders?

Jika terjadi kerusakan atau kerugian, Siapa saja yang bisa klaim kepada Freight Forwarders? Ya…bisa siapa saja. Klaim bisa datang dari:

Ø       The cargo owner – your customer (Pemilik kargo)

Ø       Sub-contractors

Ø       Owners or operators of the vessel, aircraft or truck carrying the cargo

Ø       Authorities (Pemerintah)

Ø       Third parties to whom you owe a duty of care (Pihak ketiga)

Limit of Liability: Berapa jumlah ganti rugi nya?

Sesuai dengan Konvensi International yang dicantumkan dalam kontrak pengangkutan, Bill of Lading untuk pengangkutan laut dan Airway Bill untuk pengangkutan udara

Dalam hal pengangkutan kargo melalui laut, terdapat 4 konvensi internasional yang berlaku, yaitu:

Limits of Liability under the international conventions:

1. The limit under Hague Rules 1924 –  Pounds 100 per package or unit, Pounds 100 being the amount to Pounds 100 gold value.
2. The limit under Hague-Visby Rules 1968 –  10,000 Poincare Francs per package or unit or 30 Poincare Francs per kilo of gross weight, whichever is higher
3. The limit under Hamburg Rules 1978 – 2.5 Special Drawing Rights (SDR) per kg or 835 SDRs per package or shipping unit
4. The limit under SDR Protocol 1979 – 2 SDRs per kg or 666.67 SDRs per package, whichever is higher

Sedangkan untuk pengangkutan udara diatur dalam Warsaw Convention 1929 – 250 French Gold Francs per kilogram (atau sekitar 51.9230 USD per kilogram)

Jika Berat Maksimum yang diperkenankan untuk container 20 Feet adalah 20 Ton dan untuk container 40 feet adalah 28 Ton dengan memakai SDR Protocol 1979 yang umum dipakai, dengan kurs 1 SDR = 1.53 USD maka akan diperoleh batas maksimum ganti rugi sebesar US$ 61,200 s/d US$  85,680 per container.

Nah kalau dalam satu kapal terdapat 10 kontainer milik satu Perusahaan Freight Forwarders, maka perlu sedikitnya US$ 600,000 Limit of Liability per shipmentnyabukan? Belum lagi untuk menjamin extra charges dan Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pihak Ketiga dan Claim Expenses.

Special Limit Max US$ 100,000

Special Limit Max US$ 100,000 diberlakukan di polis khusus untuk cargo: (cigarettes, spirits or wines, works of art, mobile telephones and parts, computers and parts and software, memory chips, and computer security system).

Berapa Rate / Premi-nya?

Rate / Premi Freight Forwarders’ Liability sangat bergantung kepada besar kecilnya portfolio dan turn over perusahaan freight forwarders yang disebut Gross Freight Receipt (GFR), Company Profile, Range of Services, Claims Experience, and Limit of Liability.

Berdasarkan pengalaman biasanya premi mulai dari US$ 3,500 per tahun

*Gross Freight Receipt (GFR) is Gross revenue plus payments to agents and subcontractors in respect of transport services, but excluding customs duty, sales tax, or similar fiscal charges/ disbursements paid on behalf of customers. Do not deduct any cost of operation, fixed recurring or isolated overhead or any other expenses of any kind.

Bagaimana cara penutupannya?

Mudah saja anda tinggal telpon kami dan melengkapi:

1.       Proposal Form

2.       Company Profile

3.       Bill of Lading / Airway Bill

Kami akan segera memberikan “Quotation” untuk anda pelajari dan mem-presentasi-kannya kepada klien.

Good Luck!!!

By: IMAM MUSJAB ! Telp: (021) 64701278 Ext 806

Hp: +628128079130 ! Email: imusjab@qbe.co.id

Website: http://ahliasuransi.com

*Source: www.qbe.com

*Picture: www.cargolaw.com

Artikel terkait:

Bill of Lading: What’s your “Paramount Clause”?

Quotation: Freight Forwarders Liability Insurance

Peluang dan Tantangan Berlakunya UU No. 17 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pelayaran

Selain jaminan ITC.280, ITC.284 dan ITC.289 yang kita kenal dalam Asuransi Kapal (Hull & Machinery), sebagai alternative juga terdapat Jaminan Free from Particular Average Unless (FPAU) yaitu:

ITC.280 –but warranted ‘free from particular average’. This covers the owners losses but only in accordance with the agreed perils noted (i.e) free of partial loss and/or damage to the vessel unless caused by Fire, Lightning, Explosion, Sinking, Grounding, Stranding, Collision with ship, vessel or object

Atau dengan kata lain dapat disimpulkan bahwa Jaminan Free from Particular Average Unless (FPAU) lebih luas dari ITC.284 namun lebih sempit dari ITC.280 yaitu menjamin:

1. Kerugian Total (Actual and Constructive Total Loss)
2. Tanggung jawab hukum akibat tabrakan kapal (Collission Liability)
3. Kontribusi General Average and Salvage
4. Biaya-biaya penyelamatan (Sue and Labour)
5. Kerusakan Sebagian (Partial Loss) yang disebabkan oleh Kebakaran, Petir, Ledakan, Tenggelam, Kandas, Terdampar, Tabrakan dengan kapal atau benda lain (selain air)

Clauses:

• ITC Hull 1.10.83 Clause 280 (Comprehensive)
• ITC Hull 1.10.83 Clause 284 – Total Loss, General Average and 3/4 Collision Liability (Including Salvage, Savage Charges and Sue and Labour)
• ITC Hull 1.10.83 Clause 289 – Total Loss Only (Including Salvage, Savage Charges and Sue and Labour)

By: Imam MUSJAB, Tel +628128079130, email : imusjab@qbe.co.id

Jaminan tambahan yang perlu dipertimbangkan oleh shipowner dalam asuransi kapal (Hull & Machinery) adalah Increased Value (IV) & Anticipated Owners Interests(AOI)

Increased Value / Hull Interests

Increased Value cover protects the shipowner against any difference between the insured value of the vessel and the market value of the vessel.

It pays a defined amount following declaration of a total loss on the Hull & Machinery policy.

It includes Additional cost associated with replacing a lost ship/ Disbursements, manager’s commission excess Collision liability, Sue & Labour and General Average.

As a normal rule 20% up to maximum 25% of the total value of the vessel can be insured under Increased Value.

Anticipated Owners Interests / Freight Interests

Covers the anticipated future (long term) income for the shipowner in the event of a total loss, thus providing cover which is excluded by a Loss of Hire policy.

Earnings of vessel can be insured up to 25% of the hull value provided no additional insurance on disbursements are placed.

Jadi apa yang diijamin dalam Increased Value (IV) & Anticipated Owners Interests(AOI) ? maksud dan tujuannya seperti diuraikan di atas? Kalo masih bingung…santai saja maksud dan tujuannya cuma ada 2 yaitu:

1. TSI 20% – 25% dari harga kapal tsb akan dibayarkan jika terjadi Total Loss (Actual & Constructive Total Loss)
2. Dapat dijadikan “tips and tricks” untuk menghemat premi asuransi kapal, karena rate untuk Increased Value (IV) & Anticipated Owners Interests(AOI) jauh lebih murah dari pada rate H&M nya karena jaminannya adalah TLO

Information we need

• Ship details: Value, type, size, trade, flag, class of vessel. year built.
• Company details: Operator loss record and experience

INSTITUTE TIME CLAUSES – HULLS DISBURSEMENTS AND INCREASED VALUE (Total Loss only, including Excess Liabilities) 1/10/83 CL290

Masih bingung? Any inquiry please give me a call:

By: Imam MUSJAB, Tel +628128079130, email : imusjab@qbe.co.id

Klaim asuransi kapal bisa jadi klaim yang paling rumit (dibandingkan dengan jenis asuransi lainnya) dan hal ini bisa berujung pada penolakan ganti rugi / klaim oleh Penanggung (Perusahaan Asuransi) akibat adanya pelanggaran syarat, ketentuan dan warranty polis (Breach of terms, conditions, or warranty) oleh Tertanggung atau pihak yang mengoperasikan kapal.

Pelanggaran atas ketentuan pembayaran premi, trading warranty, cargo warranty, persyaratan kelengkapan dokumen kapal, seaworthiness, maintenance, pengawakan, dan lain-lain bisa memberikan hak kepada Penanggung untuk menolak klaim atau mengurangi pembayaran klaim.

Nah, jika klaim di tolak, bagaimana dengan pembayaran pinjaman dan bunga bank? Tertanggung bisa tidak punya dana atau gagal bayar? Bank tentu tidak mau tahu. Kesalahan ada pada Tertanggung.

Jaminan “Mortgagees’ Interests” memberikan kepastian ganti rugi kepada Bank, Leasing atau lembaga keuangan lainnya yang memberikan pembiayaan / loan atas kapal yang diasuransikan, karena Penanggung tetap akan membayar ganti rugi (justru jika penolakan klaim itu terjadi). Ganti rugi adalah sebesar sisa utang dan bunganya.

Begitu juga dengan Jaminan “Innocent Owners’ Interests” dalam hal “Bareboat Charter” Penanggung tetap akan memberikan ganti rugi (walaupun terjadi breach of warranty oleh pihak charterers yang berujung penolakan klaim oleh H&M underwriters)

Mortgagees’ Interests & Innocent Owners’ Interests berfungsi sebagai “contingency cover” akibat kelalaian pihak-pihak lainnya.

Who buys this insurance? Bank and financial institutions that have financed the purchase of a vessel, and also innocent owners who do not participate in the operation of a vessel.

Mortgagees’ Interests (MI)

H&M Policy may name Mortgagee as beneficiary. Mortgagee may be prejudiced by any denial of liability or reduction in the amount payable under H&M Policy (of the Insured)

MI Policy protects Mortgagees: Outstanding loans and interest due to any non payment of a claim by H&M Underwriters as a result of a breach of warranty by owners/ operators of the vessel

Innocent Owners’ Interests (IOI)

Owners who bareboat charter out his vessel. Innocent Owners who do not participate in the operation of a vessel may be prejudiced by any denial of liability or reduction in the amount payable under H&M Policy (of the Charterers)

Both provides cover independent of fault – Contingent cover

Information we need

• Name of financial institution or innocent owners
• Outstanding loan amount
• Conditions, Trading Area and Security under the Hull policy

Other Hull & Machinery and P&I Insurances check this out

Any inquiry please give me a call

By: Imam MUSJAB, Tel +628128079130, email : imusjab@qbe.co.id

Marine Professional Negligence Insurance (MPI) covers professionals in marine industry for negligent acts, errors or omissions in services performed to the third parties (insured services)

Who need MPI in the Marine Industry?

All professionals in marine industry such as Marine Surveyors, Average Adjusters, Ship Agents, Ship Manager / Operator, ISM Designated Persons, and Other Consultants.

What does MPI Policy cover?

It’s a combination of Professional Indemnity and Public Liability Covers, It consist of:

Section 1: Professional Indemnity Cover

Section 2: Third Party Legal Liability

Section 3: Claims Expenses

Section 1: Professional Indemnity Cover

It covers liability arising out of negligent acts, errors or omissions in service performance, fraud by employees, libel and slander, infringement of personal rights, and un-intentional breach of warranty.

Section 2: Third Party Legal Liability

It covers an accident causing Third Party Bodily Injury (TPBI), and Third Party Property Damage (TPPD), and also for Third Party Consequential Loss (TPCL) directly arising from such a Claim.

Section 3: Claims Expenses

It covers Claims Expenses incurred in investigating, minimizing or defending a Claim.

Claim Made Basis

MPI is a Claim Made Basis Policy. What is a Claim Made Basis Policy? Click here

In order to be claimable under this policy, there must be a negligent act, error or omissions, must be in the provision of a professional advice, must act within the professional boundaries, must come from a unrelated party, must be on Claims Made Basis or within retroactive date.

Typical Exclusions

Off-course MPI contains number of typical exclusions i.e. Prior known claims / circumstances, Fraud & dishonesty, Claims by related or associated entities, Fines and penalties, Duties assumed beyond reasonable / accepted professional standards, Services performed in areas outside of expertise and the like.

How to obtain a Quote?

You will need to complete a “Proposal Form” supported by Company Profile and Financial Report for review

Any inquiry please give me a call at +628128079130 or email at imusjab@qbe.co.id or imusjab@gmail.com

By Imam MUSJAB; Source: QBE Marine Professional Negligence Insurance Policy

Need Liability Insurance? Ask QBE

Comprehensive General Liability

Professional Indemnity Insurance

Directors & Officers Insurance

Association Liability Insurance

ICT Liability Insurance

Medical Malpractice Insurance

Freight Forwarders Liability Insurance

Bagaimana menghitung proporsi klaim “Collision Liability” antara Polis H&M (Hull & Machinery) dan P&I (Protection & Indemnity)? Ternyata tidak mudah membuat ilustrasi perhitungan klaim “Collision Liability” dimana melibatkan polis H&M dan P&I.

Adalah hal penting untuk terlebih dahulu memahami berbagai aspek penting sbb:

1. Proporsi standard Collision Liability untuk H&M adalah 3/4 bagian sedangkan P&I adalah 1/4 bagian (kecuali disetujui berbeda)
2. Dalam hal “both to blame collision” masing-masing kapal bertanggung jawab terhadap proporsi kesalahan masing-masing
3. Batasan tanggung jawab masing-masing kapal diatur dalam LLMC (The Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims)

Download LLMC (The Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims)

Setelah memahami hal tersebut di atas, maka selanjutnya harus memahami metode perhitungannya yakni kapan menggunakan “Single Libaility” dan “Cross Liability” berdasarkan “both to blame collision clause” yang umumnya berbunyi:

Both to blame collision clause

“in any instance on which both vessels involved in a collision are to blame and the liability of either or both vessels becomes limited by law, any claim by the Assured will be settled on the principle of single liability. In any other instance giving rise to a claim under this clause, the claim shall be settled on the principle of cross liability, as if the owner of each vessel had been compelled to pay the other owner such proportion of the latter’s damages as may have been properly allowed in ascertaining the balance payable by or to the former.”

Perhatikan ilustrasi berikut:

Kapal A dan Kapal B dengan jaminan ITCH 1/10/83 Clause 280 (including 3/4ths Collision Liability) bertubrukan dan mengalami kerugian sbb:

Kerusakan kapal A (hull damage)            : USD 2,600,000

Kerusakan kapal B (hull damage)            : USD 4,000,000

Total kerugian kedua kapal                       : USD 6,600,000

Cross Liability

Perhitungan “Cross Liability” dengan asumsi bahwa jumlah tanggung jawab masing-masing pihak tidak dibatasi oleh (atau masih dibawah batasan maximum LLMC), maka perhitungan proporsi klaim “Collision Liability” antara Polis H&M (Hull & Machinery) dan P&I (Protection & Indemnity) adalah sbb:

1. dengan derajat kesalahan 50 : 50 untuk masing-masing kapal
2. dengan derajat kesalahan 75 : 25 untuk keuntungan kapal B

klik untuk memperbesar ilustrasi

Single Liability

Perhitungan “Single Liability” dengan asumsi bahwa jumlah tanggung jawab kapal A dibatasi maximum LLMC), maka perhitungan proporsi klaim “Collision Liability” antara Polis H&M (Hull & Machinery) dan P&I (Protection & Indemnity) adalah sbb:

1. dengan derajat kesalahan 50 : 50 untuk masing-masing kapal dengan batasan maximum LLMC kapal A USD1,500,000 saja
2. dengan derajat kesalahan 75 : 25 untuk keuntungan kapal B dengan batasan maximum LLMC kapal A USD2,500,000 saja

klik untuk memperbesar ilustrasi

as the above settlement is based on single liability, the P&I insurer is not exposed at all, there is only a recovery from vessel A. Similarly there is no liability payable under the RDC clause in the H&M policy.

Sudah paham, belum?? Mudah-mudahan masih bingung…(he..he..)

Tentu saja ini baru contoh sederhana saja, karena belum meperhitungkan banyak hal seperti: deductible clause 12, deductible untuk collision liability di P&I, apakah kapal diasuransikan dengan harga sound value atau dibawah sound value, dan tentu saja belum memperhitungkan klaim-klaim untuk loss of life or personal injury, dan juga klaim atas kargo, pollution, dan atas berhentinya beroperasi kapal-kapal tersebut.

Waah tambah bingung bukan menghitungnya?? Tenang saja ngga perlu berpikir sejauh itu untuk menjadi underwriters, khan ada “Average Adjusters” yang memang pekerjaan mereka menghitung kerugian.

Semoga bermanfaat.

Any inquiry and advice please give me a call at +628128079130 or drop me email at imusjab@qbe.co.id or imusjab@gmail.com

By Imam MUSJAB

Co-Mingling Clause

When shipments of oil or other bulk products insured hereunder are stowed in such a manner as to be co-mingled with other bulk shipments belonging to and/or insured by others or owned by the Assured and intended for different consignees, it is agreed that in the event of loss or damage recoverable under this Policy, such loss or damage shall be pro rated in accordance with the respective interest(s) of the party or parties involved in the ratio that the quantity of product belonging to each party bears to the total quantity of product co-mingled.

Should the portion of the co-mingled cargo delivered to the Assured/Consignee be lost and/or damaged in a percentage greater than the ratio mentioned in the previous paragraph, these Insurers will pay the loss in full, but not exceeding the insured value, subject applicable deductible, if any.

Underwriters will be subrogated to all rights against carriers and/or other third parties, including other cargo owners to the extent Underwriters have borne the loss in excess of their pro rata portion.

Concealed Damage Clause

It is agreed that any loss or damage discovered on opening containers, cases and/or packages shall be deemed to have occurred during the transit insured hereunder (and irrespective of attachment of Assured’s interest) and shall be paid for accordingly unless proof conclusive to the contrary be established, it being understood that any containers, cases and/or packages showing signs of damage are to be opened immediately on the cessation of risk hereunder.

This agreement shall, however, only apply where such loss or damage is discovered within 30 days of the cessation of risk hereunder.

It is further agreed that subject to prompt advice to Underwriters and the payment of an additional premium, if required, the above-mentioned period may be extended.

Explanation: Again many versions of this clause are available and you need to select the appropriate one. For instance you may not want the last para (It is further agreed that subject ….extended). The need for concealed damage clause (also called Late Discovery of Loss clause) has arisen due to the fact that good packing technology and containerization has led to concealed damage that is discovered only when the insured transit is over. In the case of projects, a package is often opened only when at the time of erection.

Container Clause

Where Cargo, insured hereunder, is carried in Containers, it is agreed, as between the Assured and Underwriters, that the fitness of the Container is hereby admitted unless the Assured or their servants are privy to such unfitness

Explanation: Often containers have leaky roofs and rust points. It is difficult for the insurer to prove that the containers were defective with the privity of the assured. However for clarity, such clauses are used by brokers when the assured has no control over choice of containers of their overseas sellers. The entry of water into containers is a recurrent problem and can lead to substantial loss. Pre-shipment inspection of containers is suggested but when the turnover is huge and/or the assured is a trader (and not the seller), such pre-shipment surveys become difficult to implement.

Container Demurrage Charges Clause

This policy shall cover demurrage charges and/or late penalties assessed against, and paid by the Assured for late return of containers when said containers are retained by the Assured at the instruction of the Underwrites for inspection by the underwriters Surveyor in investigation of loss or damage recoverable under this policy.

Explanation: There are other versions which provide for demurrage charges when a container cannot be sent back to the terminal before the agreed due date provided this delay was caused by an insured peril during the period the container was in the custody of the assured.

Copper Coil Exclusion Warranty

In respect of Jet AI excluding claims for contamination due to contact with copper and/or copper alloy heating coils.

Explanation: Jet fuel is very sensitive to contamination. Even the heating coil in the ship can lead to contamination-hence this clause.

Cutting Clause

The cracked or broken portion of each pipe, sheet or tile to be cut. Underwriters to pay proportionate value of the part cut off and to receive any salvage on such proportion.

Explanation: Again, a number of versions of this clause are available (for pipes, steel etc). One has to be careful while using this clause in project cargoes  where dedicated lengths/dimensions of pipes etc are required and any damage to the cargo renders them unusable. Similarly some pipes have bevel ends which if damaged may render  them a total loss. Cutting Clause therefore should be inserted only after agreement with the assured.

Errors & Omissions Clause

Assured shall not be prejudiced by any unintentional delay or omission in the reporting hereunder or any unintentional error in the amount or description of the interest, vessel or voyage, or if the subject matter of the insurance be shipped by other vessel, if notice be given to Insurers as soon as practicable after said facts become known to the Assured and deficiency of premium if any, made good.

Explanation: This is a useful clause to have in the open cover. For instance, often the seller would advise the assured buyer the name of the vessel only after it has already sailed out. It is however most important that there is no history of selective declaration and all voyages/goods which come within the scope of an open cover is declared to the insurer. This clause only says that the assured is not prejudiced by an unintention delay/omission-but the insurer will have other defences-e.g, vessel not conforming to the classification clause for instance. The Institute Classification Clause has a held covered provision but read Insuring Cargoes for a detailed commentary on the current Class Clause.

Exhibition Risks Extension Clause

This insurance covers property in transit to/from and whilst at exhibition, trade fair or show premises.

Subject to the following exclusions:-

1. Loss or damage arising directly from demonstration, use or testing of equipment.
2. Wear, tear and gradual deterioration.
3. Liability to third parties.
4. Damage to goods being returned from exhibitions or shipped elsewhere unless they are packed to the same standard as for the outward journey, such packing to be supervised by a responsible official of the Assured.
5. Theft from unattended stand during exhibition opening hours.

In the event of goods being sold from the exhibition, cover is to terminate at the time of lifting for removal from the exhibition premises unless specially agreed

Fifty Fifty (50/50) Clause (sea/air transits)-also called Marine/Non-Marine Loss Sharing Clause

The Assured hereby undertakes to inspect each item of the Insured Property upon arrival at the Contract Site for possible damage sustained during transit.

In the case of packed items which are to be left in their packaging until a later date the packaging is to be individually inspected for signs of possible damage and where such damage is visible the items are to be unpacked and inspected and any damage discovered reported to under this insurance (Marine Cargo).

Where the packaging of an item shows no visible signs of damage to such item having sustained during transit any subsequent damage discovered upon unpacking will be dealt with by the Construction All Risks Insurer or under any other insurances in place , according to whether it can be clearly established that such damage was caused before or after arrival at the Contract Site.

Where it is not possible to clearly establish whether the damage to an item was caused before or after arrival at the Contract Site, it is hereby agreed that the cost of such damage shall be shared equally between the Construction All Risks Insurer and the Insurer under this Insurance.

Fitness of Container Clause

The Assured’s right to indemnity hereunder shall not be prejudiced by any inadvertent omission to establish the fitness of a container or liftvan for the safe transit of the interest insured hereby, where such container or liftvan is provided by a third party.

Explanation: It is difficult to prove that a container was defective at the time of the leaving the warehouse of the overseas supplier. Often damage such as holes or rust spots are present on the roof of the container and when there is a large turnover of goods round the year, it is quite difficult to check the roof of the container before stuffing each and every container. I have exaplained the container clause and the unfitness of container etc clause in ICC in considerable length inInsuring Cargoes.

Fumigation Clause

In the event of loss or damage to the interest insured caused by fumigation, Underwriters agree to indemnify the Insured for such loss or damage, and the Insured hereby agrees to subrogate these Underwriters any recourse they may have for recovery of such loss or damage from others but this clause does not extend to cover loss or damage caused by customary fumigation applied prior to or at the inception of risk.

Thank you to Vish who originally posted this valuable articles

Deterioration of Undamaged Stocks

The Policy extends to include loss sustained by the Insured as the result of deterioration of undamaged stock which cannot be processed promptly due to interruption of or interference with the Business in consequence of damage to Property Insured.

Defunct Spare Parts Clause

It is hereby noted and agreed that in the event of spares currently insured hereunder and represented within the total sum insured under the Policy becoming obsolete following an indefinable loss to the unit and/or units to which they belong, such spares shall also be deemed a constructive total loss provided always that such parts cannot be used a spares for any other units within the premises of the Insured. Insurers retain salvage rights over such parts.

Floor Space Ration Index

Subject to the terms, conditions and Limit(s) or Sub-Limit(s) of Liability of this Policy, in the event of any building(s) being damaged so as to constitute total loss or Constructive Total Loss and, as a result of the exercise of Statutory powers and/or authority by any Government Departments, Local Government or any other Statutory Authorities reinstatement of such building(s) as before is prohibited and reinstatement is only permissible subject to a reduced floor space ratio index :

The Insurers agree to pay in addition to any amount payable on reinstatement of such building(s) the difference between :

The actual cost reinstatement incurred in accordance with the reduced floor  space ratio index and
The cost reinstatement which would have been incurred had a reduced floor space ration index not been applicable.
In arriving at the amount payable under (a) and (b) above any payments made by the Insurers shall include the extra cost of reinstatement, including demolition or dismantling of the Insured Property, necessarily incurred to comply with the requirements of any Act of Parliament or Regulation made hereunder or any By-law or Regulation of any Municipal or other Statutory Authority.
Any payment made for the difference between (a) and (b) above shall be made as soon as the said difference is ascertained upon completion of the rebuilding works and certified by the architect acting on behalf of the Insured in the reinstatement of the building(s)

Offsite Storage and Fabrication Clause

Notwithstanding the situation described in the schedule the cover afforded by this policy extends to include any materials, plant or items, being manufactured , whilst located anywhere in Indonesia area and subject to a maximum value of ………………. Provided they are intended to be used on or will form part of the contract works.

Outside Premises Storage Clause

Where the Insured enters into a contract for storage of goods and/or merchandise and the terms of the storage contain a disclaimer clause, then the insurance provided by the Policy shall not be prejudiced by the Insured agreeing to such terms.

Removal of Permit Clause

It is hereby understood and agreed that this policy shall be extended to cover against all direct loss and/or damage caused by the removing of property hereunder insured, from locations or premises effected by the perils insured hereunder, and also to cover during the term of ten (10) days, such property in any other place where it should be necessary to move the insured property in order to preserve it from the perils insured hereunder or to maintain if safe from the perils of the occurrence.

Undamaged Stock Clause

The Policy extends to include any loss incurred less the amount of any salvage monies obtained in respect of undamaged stock and/or materials in trade becoming unusable for any reason whatsoever resulting solely from an occurrence of loss or damage Insured by this Policy.

List of Clauses

1. Accountants Clause
2. Accumulation of Stocks Clause
3. ADDITIONAL INCREASE IN COST OF WORKING CLAUSE
4. Alternative Trading Clause
5. Auditor Charges Fee
6. Book of Accountant Clause
7. CLOSURE BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIES CLAUSE
8. CUSTOMERS EXTENSION
9. DENIAL OF ACCESS
10. Departmental Clause
11. Failure of Public Utilities (Version 1)
12. Failure of Public Utilities (Version 2)
13. GROSS PROFIT
14. Increase Business Clause
15. Leeway Clause
16. Material Damage Proviso Waiver
17. MURDER, ASSAULTS AND SUICIDE EXTENSION
18. NEW BUSINESS CLAUSE
19. PORT BLOCKAGE CLAUSE
20. Prevention of Access Clause
21. Professional Accountant Clause
22. PROGRESS CLAIM PAYMENT CLAUSE
23. Rebate Clause
24. Return of Premium Clause
25. Salvage Sale Clause
26. STANDING CHARGES CLAUSE
27. Supplier & Customer Extension Clause
28. Turnover / Output Clause
29. UPWARD ADJUSTMENT CLAUSE

1. ACCOUNTANTS CLAUSE

It is understood and agreed that any particulars or details contained in the Insured’s books of account or other business books or document which may be required by the Insurers for the  purpose of  Investigating or verifying any claims hereunder may produced and certified by Insured’s auditors and their certificate shall be prima facie evidence of the particulars and details to which such certificate relates.

2. ACCUMULATION OF STOCKS CLAUSE

In adjusting any loss, account shall be taken and an equitable allowance made if shortage in Turnover due to the Damage is postponed by reason of the Turnover being temporarily  maintained from accumulated stocks, either at the Department of Factories of the Group.

3. ADDITIONAL INCREASE IN COST OF WORKING CLAUSE

The insurance under this item is limited to such further additional expenditure beyond that recoverable under clause (b) of the Gross Rental Specification as the insured shall necessarily and reasonably incur during the Indemnity Period in consequence of the Incident for the purpose of avoiding or diminishing the reduction in Turnover.

4. ALTERNATIVE TRADING CLAUSE

If during the indemnity period goods shall be sold or services be rendered elsewhere than at the premises for the benefit of the business either by the Insured or by others on the Insured’s behalf the money paid or payable in respect of such work or services shall be brought into account in arriving at the turnover during the indemnity period.

5. AUDITORS CHARGES CLAUSE

The Insured under item (3) is limited to the reasonable charges payable by the Insured to their Auditors producing and certifying any particulars or details contained in the Insured’s books of Accountant of Business books or documents such order proofs. Information or evidence as may be required by the company under the terms of conditions of this policy.

6. BOOK OF ACCOUNT CLAUSE

Any particulars or details contained in the Insured’s books of account or other business books or documents which may be required by the Insurer (s) for the purpose of investigating or verifying any claim hereunder may be produced and certified by the Insured’s auditors and their certified shall be prima facie evidence of the particulars and details to which such certificates relates.

7. CLOSURE BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIES CLAUSE

It is hereby declared and agreed that loss as Insured by this policy resulting from interruption or interference with the Business directly or indirectly arising from closure or evacuation of the whole or part of the premises by order of a competent public authority due to the operation of the cause insured by this policy shall be deemed to be loss resulting from Damage to property used by the Insured at Premises.

8. CUSTOMERS EXTENSION

Subject to the Conditions of the Policy loss as insured by this Policy resulting from interruption of or interference of or interference with the  business in consequence of damage (as within defined) to property on the premises of the Insured’s customer (s) at the undernoted situation shall be  deemed to be loss resulting from damage to property used by the Insured at the premises provided that if the percentage shown against the name of  the customer at whose premises damage has occurred shall be less than the  percentage of the annual turnover derived by the Insured from that  customer, the amount otherwise payable under the terms of this  memorandum in respect of that customer shall be proportionately reduced.

Customer      Percentage

(Name & Situation)

9. DENIAL OF ACCESS

It is hereby declared and agreed that subject to the conditions of this Policy covers loss as Insured by this policy resulting from interruption of or interference with the business in consequence of damage (as within defined) to property in the vicinity of the premises which shall prevent or hinder the use thereof or access thereto, whether the premises or property of the insured therein shall be damaged or not, shall be deemed to be loss resulting from damage to property used by the insured at the premises.

10. Departmental Clause

If the business be conducted in by individual companies/divisions or departments the independent trading results of which are ascertainable, it is agreed that the provision hereof may at the option of insured apply separately to each such company/division or department affected by the loss, destruction or damage.

With regard to agreements between individual companies relating to the lease or rental of property, each individual company insured hereunder shall be deemed to be separately insured.

11. FAILURE OF PUBLIC UTILITIES CLAUSE (Version 1)

Loss as Insured by this Policy resulting from interruption of or interference with the business in consequence of damage (as within defined) to property  at an electricity station or sub-station from which the Insured obtain electric current shall be deemed to be loss resulting from damage to property used by the Insured at the premises provided that the Company shall not be liable for any loss Insured by this extension unless the failure of electric current from such electricity station or sub-station exceed a period 72 hours and the liability of the Company under this extension shall apply only to such period in excess of 72 hours.

12. FAILURE OF PUBLIC UTILITIES CLAUSE (Version 2)

It is hereby agreed and declared that this Insurance shall, subject to the conditions of this policy and to all provisions and limitations contained therein, extend to include loss as described therein resulting from Interruption of the supply of electric power (or gas) to the premises of the Insured due to damage by Fire or Lightning or Explosion or Impact of aircraft occurring at any electric power station or substation (or gas works) in Indonesia, but excluding any transmission lines.

13. GROSS PROFIT

The insurance under this item is limited to loss of  Gross Profit due to :

A. Reduction is turnover and (b) Increase in cost of working and the amount payable as  indemnity thereunder shall be :

In respect of  Reduction in Turnover :

The sum produced by applying the rate of gross  profit to the amount by which the Turnover during the Indemnity Period shall, in consequence of the Damage, fall short  of  the Standard Turnover.

B. In respect of increase in Cost of Working :

The additional expenditure necessarily and reasonably incurred for the sole purpose  of  avoiding or diminishing the reduction in Turnover which, but for that expenditure, would have taken place during the Indemnity Period in consequence of the Damage, but not  exceeding the sum produced by applying the Rate of Gross Profit to the amount of the  reduction thereby avoided.

Less any sum save during the Indemnity Period in respect of such of the charges and  expenses of the Business payable out of Gross Profit as may cease or be reduced in consequence of the damage.

14. INCREASE BUSINESS CLAUSE

In the event of the  gross  profit earned during any annual period of insurance (or during) the accounting period of twelve months most nearly concurrent with any period of insurance), as certified by the insured thereof an a prorata additional premium not exceeding 10 percent the premium paid on such sum insured from such period of Insurance will be charges in respect of difference.

15. LEEWAY CLAUSE

In the event of the Gross Profit earned during any annual period of insurance (or during the accounting period of 12 months more nearly concurrent with any period of insurance) as certified by the insured’s Auditors being greater than the sum insured thereon, the insured will be held covered to the extent of 15% of the sum insured thereof and prorata additional premium not exceeding 15% of the premium pald on such Sum Insured for such period of insurance will be charged in respect of the difference.

16. MATERIAL DAMAGE PROVISO WAIVER

It shall not be a condition precedent to liability in respect of interruption of or interference in consequent of damage that payment shall have been made or liability admitted under the insurance covering the interest of the insured in the property at the premises against such damage if no such payment shall have been made nor liability admitted solely owing to the operation of a proviso in such insurance excluding liability for losses below a specified amount.

17. MURDER, ASSAULTS AND SUICIDE EXTENSION

It is hereby noted and agreed that the term damage defined under this Policy shall extend to include murders, assaults or suicide committed at the Insured Premises.

In consequence thereof, interruption of or interference with the Insured’s business arising from murders, assaults  or suicide committed at the Insured premises, shall be deemed to loss resulting from or consequence of an insurable damage under this policy.

18. NEW BUSINESS CLAUSE

In the event of Damage occurring at the Premises before the completion of the first year’s trading of the Business the terms “Rate of Gross Profit”, “Standard Turnover” and “Rate of Pay-Roll” shall bear the following meanings and not as within stated :

Rate of Gross Profit : The rate of                                      ) to which such adjustments

Gross Profit earned on the Turnover during ) shall be made as may be

the period between the date of the                  ) necessary to provide for the

commencement of the Business and the date of          ) trend of the business and

the damage                                                                           ) for variations in or other

Standard Turnover : the proportional equivalent,       ) circumstances affecting the

for a period equal to the Indemnity Period,  ) business either before or

for the Turnover realized during the period ) after the damage or which

between the commencement of the Business and       ) would have affected the

the date of the Damage nearly as may be                       ) business had the damage not

reasonably                                                                            ) occurred so that the figures

Rate of Pay-Roll : the rate of Pay-Roll to                        ) adjusted shall represent as

Turnover during the period between the date of          ) nearly as may be practicable

the commencement of the Business and the date        ) the results which but for the

of the Damage.                                                                     ) damage would have been

                                                                                                ) obtained during the relative

                                                                                                ) period after the damage.

19. PORT BLOCKAGE CLAUSE

It is agreed and declared that the Insurance provided under Section 2 of this Policy shall extend to include loss resulting from the skinning or stranding of vessel within … to … which prevents access to the Insured’s loading facilities resulting in interruption of or interference with the Business of the Insured

20. PREVENTION OF ACCESS CLAUSE

In consideration of the payment of a additional premium which is included in the premium hereon it is hereby agreed and declared that subject to the conditions of the Policy loss as insured by this policy resulting from interruption of or interference with business in consequence of damage (as within defined) to property in the vicinity of the premises which shall prevent or hinder the use thereof or access thereto, whether the premises or property of the Insured therein shall be damaged or not, shall be deemed to be loss resulting from damage to property used by the Insured at the premises.

Provided always that all the provisions and conditions of this policy shall apply to the insurance by this extension except in so far as they may be hereby expressly varied.

21. PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANTS CLAUSE

Any particulars or details contained in the Insured’s books of account or other business books or documents which may be required by the Company under Condition 4 of this Policy for the purpose of investigating  or verifying any claim hereunder may be professional accountants if at the time they are regularly acting as such for the Insured and their report shall be prima facie evidence of the particulars and details to which such report relates.

The Insurer will pay to the Insured the reasonable charges payable by the Insured to their professional accountants for producing such particulars or details or any other proofs, information or reporting that such particulars or details are in accordance with the Insured’s books or documents.

Provided that Sum of amount payable under this clause and the amount otherwise payable under the policy shall in no case exceed the Total Sum Insured by the Policy.

22. PROGRESS CLAIM PAYMENT CLAUSE

It is hereby agreed and declared that progress payment on account of any loss recoverable under this policy will be made to the Insured on production of an interim report by the loss adjuster (if appointed) or accountant, provided that such payments are deducted from the finally agreed claim settlement figures.

23. REBATE CLAUSE

In the event of Gross Profit earned (or proportionately increased multiple thereof where the maximum Indemnity period exceeds twelve months) during the accounting period most nearly concurrent with any period of insurance as certified by the Insured’s Auditors, being less than the sum insured thereon, a prorata return of premium not exceeding 50 percent of the premium paid on such sum insured for such period of insurance will be made in respect of the difference. If any damage shall have occurred giving rise to a claim under this Policy, such return shall be made in respect only of so much of the said difference as is not due to such damage. Any application for return of premium shall be made by the Insured within 6 (six) months from the date of expiry of the policy.

24. RETURN OF PREMIUM CLAUSE

In the event of Gross Profit earned during the financial year most nearly concurrent with any period of  insurance as certified by the Insured thereon a prorata return of premium not exceeding thirty percent  (30%) of the premium paid on such sum insured for such period of insurance will be made in respect of  the different. If any damage shall have occurred, giving rise to a claim under this policy, such return shall  be made in respect only so such of the said difference as is not due to such damage.

25. SALVAGE SALE CLAUSE

If following damage giving rise to a claim under this policy the insured shall hold a salvage sale during the indemnity period, clause (A) of item (1) of this Policy shall for the purpose of such claim read as follows :

1. In respect of reduction in turnover the sum produced by applying the rate of gross profit to the amount by which the turnover during the indemnity period (less the turnover for the period of the salvage sale) shall in consequence of the damage fall short of the standard turnover, from which sum shall be deducted the gross profit actually earning during the period of the salvage sale.

26. STANDING CHARGES CLAUSE

If any standing charges of the business be not insured by this policy (having been deducted in arriving at the Gross Profit as defined herein ) then in computing the amount recoverable hereunder as increase in cost of working, that proportion only of any additional expenditure shall be brought into account which the Gross Profit bears to the Sum of the Gross Profit and the uninsured standing charges.

27. SUPPLIERS AND CUSTOMERS EXTENSION CLAUSE

This Insurance under this section extends to include the actual loss of Business Income sustained resulting from the necessary interruption of or Interference with the Insured’s Business operations as a result of any unforeseen, sudden and accidential physical loss, destruction or damage to the premises of the following named Insured’s third party suppliers and/or customs arising out of a peril which would have been Insured under this Policy.

Named Suppliers ( to be advised by the Insured and agreed with the Insurer prior to Inception ).

Subject to a Sum Insured of ……………………..                  in respect of each and every occurrence, which is   additional to the Sum Insured stated in the Schedule.

Named Customers ( to be advised by the Insured and agree with the Insurer prior to

inception).

Subject to a Sum Insured of ………………………………..   in respect of each and every occurrence, which is   additional to the Sum Insured state in the Schedule.

Provided that,

• The Insurance under this Exclusion shall only apply within the geographical limits stated within the Schedule or as otherwise agreed with the Insurers.
• The Insurer’s liability in respect of any one occurrence shall not exceed the limits shown above.

28. Turnover/Output Clause

It is agreed that in the event of a claim arising under this section, adjustment may be based on ‘turnover or output’ or whatever other index of business activity affords the most equitable result and except in the definition of turnover the word ‘turnover’ wherever used in this policy shall mean sale value of goods manufactured by, or sold by, the insured in the course of the business at the premises, provided that :

1. a) only one such meaning shall be operative in connection with any one occurrence involving damage;
2. b) if the meaning set out in this clause be used, then memo 1 under indemnity period shall be held to be altered to read as follows :

“If during the indemnity period goods shall be manufactured and for processed elsewhere than at the premises affected by the damage for the benefit of the business either by the insured or by others on the insured’s behalf the sale value of the goods so manufactured shall be brought into account in arriving at the output during the indemnity period”.

29. UPWARD ADJUSTMENT CLAUSE

The Insurance extends to cover any increase in Gross Profit for an amount not exceeding 25% of the Sum Insured thereon provided that the Insured undertake to advise the Insurers at  the end of the policy period of such increase and to pay the additional premium thereon.

Sebagai tindak lanjut atas Surat Edaran OJK No. S-77/D.05/2014 tentang Optimalisasi Kapasitas Dalam Negeri (baca di sini) telah beredar RPOJK tentang Retensi Sendiri dan Dukungan Reasuransi dalam Negeri yang akan segera menjadi POJK dan berlaku segera.

Selain mensyaratkan dukungan Treaty minimal 25% RPOJK juga mensyaratkan dukungan Fakultatif dalam negeri, misalnya untuk asuransi Property, Engineering dan Energy – mensyaratkan dukungan reasuransi fakultatif dalam negeri sebesar IDR600,000,000,000, untuk asuransi Marine Cargo, Marine Hull, dan Aviation : IDR250,000,000,000 dan untuk asuransi Miscellaneous : IDR360,000,000,000.

(*) New OJK rule on treaty and facultative will be coming into force very soon whereas for Property, Engineering and Energy – local reinsurance support must be obtained for minimum IDR600,000,000,000, for Marine Cargo, Marine Hull, and Aviation : IDR250,000,000,000 and for Miscellaneous : IDR360,000,000,000.

While technically the new regulations aren’t in place yet, we have elected to follow the draft regulations regarding treaty and Facultative in anticipation these will be implemented.  For future case, We will not front policies.

Copy of draft - new OJK rule on Treaty and Facultative attached for your kind reference (in bahasa Indonesia, translation is not available yet)

or you may download it here

http://www.ojk.go.id/permintaan-tanggapan-masyarakat-atas-rancangan-peraturan-ojk-tentang-retensi-sendiri-dan-dukungan-reasuransi-dalam-negeri

Should you have any inquiry please give me a call

Kind regards – Imam MUSJAB

Email : imam.musjab@qbe.co.id or imusjab@gmail.com

HP +628128079130

Related Post:

Optimalisasi Kapasitas Dalam Negeri – Surat Edaran OJK No. S-77/D.05/2014

Telah beredar SE Tarif OJK 2015 yang akan segera menggantikan SE Tarif OJK 2013, Tidak ada perubahan dalam hal tariff premi dan deductible kecuali pada Asuransi Gempa Bumi.

Perbandingan SE Tarif OJK 2013 v Draft SE Tarif 2015 selengkapnya baca di sini

-NCD (No Claim Discount) tidak berlaku lagi,

-Net Rate tidak berlaku untuk polis PAR dan EQ

-Discount tariff berlaku untuk harga pertanggungan besar mulai dari 10%, 20% dan 50%

-MB tidak disebutkan – namun pastinya tidak akan gratis

New Tariff (2015) will be introduced very soon, no changes on tariff and deductibles except for Earthquake

-NCD (No Claim Discount) is not applicable,

-Net Rate is not applicable for PAR and EQ

-Discount tariff for huge Sum Insureds starts from 10%, 20% and 50%

-MB cover is not mentioned but it shall not be free

Comparison is attached for your kind reference

Should you have any inquiry please give me a call

Kind regards – Imam MUSJAB

Email : imam.musjab@qbe.co.id or imusjab@gmail.com

HP +628128079130

http://ahliasuransi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Perbandingan-SE-Tarif-OJK-2013-v-Draft-SE-Tarif-2015-Summary.pdf

Pencantuman klausul Non-Invalidation Clause, Breach of Warranty Clause telah membawa implikasi serius atas klaim pada suatu polis

Warranty: – apa yang dimaksud dengan Warranty?

MIA 1906:

Nature of warranty

(1)A warranty, in the following sections relating to warranties, means a promissory warranty, that is to say, a warranty by which the assured undertakes that some particular thing shall or shall not be done, or that some condition shall be fulfilled, or whereby he affirms or negatives the existence of a particular state of facts.

(2)A warranty may be express or implied.

(3)A warranty, as above defined, is a condition which must be exactly complied with, whether it be material to the risk or not. If it be not so complied with, then, subject to any express provision in the policy, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the date of the breach of warranty, but without prejudice to any liability incurred by him before that date.

Apakah setiap pelanggaran atas suatu Warranty akan mengakibatkan batalnya perjanjian? MIA 1906 menyatakan demikian, terlepas suatu pelanggaran adalah materiil atau tidak, berhubungan dengan kerugian yang terjadi atau tidak maka Penanggung (Perusahaan Asuransi) terbebas dari tanggung jawab untuk membayar ganti rugi.

Tidakkah hal tersebut sangat merugikan Tertanggung (Pemegang polis)? Maka seharusnya hanya klaim atau kerugian yang seluruhnya atau sebagiannya adalah akibat dari atau paling tidak ada kaitannya dengan pelanggaran “warranty” tersebut yang membatalkan perjanjian. Dengan kata lain bahwa kerugian atau kerusakan yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan pelanggaran “warranty” yang terjadi (baik seluruhnya atau sebagiannya) tetap dijamin.  

Maka supaya fair, disarankan untuk menyempurnakan klausul warranty menjadi sbb:

“Any warranty shall from the time it is applied continue to be in force during the whole currency of this policy.  Failure to comply with any Warranty shall invalidate any claim for loss destruction damage or liability which is wholly or partly due to or affected by such failure to comply.”

Atau dalam Policy Conditions sering kali terdapat ketentuan sbb:

“This Policy shall be avoidable in the event of misrepresentation misdescription or non-disclosure in any material particular.”

Hanya pelanggaran yang menyangkut hal-hal yang materiil (material facts) yang dapat membatalkan perjanjian atau menyebabkan klaim di tolak.

Bagaimana dengan aplikasi pencantuman klausul-klausul Non-Invalidation Clause, Breach of Warranty Clause?

Non-Invalidation Clause

This insurance is not invalidated by any change of occupancy or increase of risk taking place in the insured’s premises without the knowledge of the insured provided that they shall immediately upon the same coming to their knowledge give notice hereof to the insured and pay any additional premium required.

Breach of Warranty Clause

This insurance shall not be affected and/or invalidated by any act on neglect, misdescription and/or misrepresentation, breach in condition and/or warranty nor by change in the title or ownership of the property, provided the owner shall notify the Insurer the happening of such acts as soon as it comes to his knowledge and shall on reasonable demand pay the additional charges for any increase or hazard created.

No Control Clause

This insurance shall not be affected by failure of the Insured to comply with any provisions of this policy in any portion of the location over which the Insured has no control.

Pencantuman klausul Non-Invalidation Clause, Breach of Warranty Clause telah membawa implikasi serius atas klaim pada suatu polis

Pengadilan harus memutuskan apakah Tertanggung sudah mengetahui (Knew) adanya pelanggaran atau peningkatan risiko tersebut sebelum terjadinya kerugian ataukah hal itu terjadi diluar pengetahuan atau kuasa Tertanggung.

The Court had to decide whether The Insured was in breach of warranty and if so whether it knew of the breach and/or it was beyond their control.

Jika semua terjadi diluar pengetahuan atau kuasa Tertanggung, maka klaim harus dibayar.

Should you have any inquiry please give me a call

Kind regards, Imam MUSJAB

Email : imam.musjab@qbe.co.id or imusjab@gmail.com

Tel +628128079130

Reference / Original source:

http://willis.com/Documents/Publications/Industries/Property_Investors/Non_Invalidation_Sept_2012.pdf

http://www.herbertsmithfreehills.com/-/media/HS/L-151111-16.pdf

Please click here to read or download in .pdf format

Marine Cargo Insurance Claim is outlines as per chart below:

With reference to Marine Insurance Act 1906, and The Institute Cargo Clauses

56Partial and total loss.

(1)A loss may be either total or partial. Any loss other than a total loss, as hereinafter defined, is a partial loss.

(2)A total loss may be either an actual total loss, or a constructive total loss.

(3)Unless a different intention appears from the terms of the policy, an insurance against total loss includes a constructive, as well as an actual, total loss.

(4)Where the assured brings an action for a total loss and the evidence proves only a partial loss, he may, unless the policy otherwise provides, recover for a partial loss.

(5)Where goods reach their destination in specie, but by reason of obliteration of marks, or otherwise, they are incapable of identification, the loss, if any, is partial, and not total.

57Actual total loss.

(1)Where the subject-matter insured is destroyed, or so damaged as to cease to be a thing of the kind insured, or where the assured is irretrievably deprived thereof, there is an actual total loss.

(2)In the case of an actual total loss no notice of abandonment need be given.

60Constructive total loss defined.

(1)Subject to any express provision in the policy, there is a constructive total loss where the subject-matter insured is reasonably abandoned on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable, or because it could not be preserved from actual total loss without an expenditure which would exceed its value when the expenditure had been incurred.

(2)In particular, there is a constructive total loss—

(i)Where the assured is deprived of the possession of his ship or goods by a peril insured against, and (a) it is unlikely that he can recover the ship or goods, as the case may be, or (b) the cost of recovering the ship or goods, as the case may be, would exceed their value when recovered; or

(ii)In the case of damage to a ship, where she is so damaged by a peril insured against that the cost of repairing the damage would exceed the value of the ship when repaired.

In estimating the cost of repairs, no deduction is to be made in respect of general average contributions to those repairs payable by other interests, but account is to be taken of the expense of future salvage operations and of any future general average contributions to which the ship would be liable if repaired; or

(iii)In the case of damage to goods, where the cost of repairing the damage and forwarding the goods to their destination would exceed their value on arrival.

“Both to Blame  Collision” Clause (ICC)

3 This insurance is extended to indemnify the Assured against such proportion of liability under the contract of affreightment “Both to Blame Collision” Clause as in respect of a loss recoverable hereunder. In the event of any claim by shipowners under the said Clause the Assured agree to notify the Underwriters who shall have the right, at their own cost and expense, to defend the Assured against such claim.

64Particular average loss.

(1)A particular average loss is a partial loss of the subject-matter insured, caused by a peril insured against, and which is not a general average loss.

(2)Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the assured for the safety or preservation of the subject-matter insured, other than general average and salvage charges, are called particular charges. Particular charges are not included in particular average.

65Salvage charges.

(1)Subject to any express provision in the policy, salvage charges incurred in preventing a loss by perils insured against may be recovered as a loss by those perils.

(2)“Salvage charges” means the charges recoverable under maritime law by a salvor independently of contract. They do not include the expenses of services in the nature of salvage rendered by the assured or his agents, or any person employed for hire by them, for the purpose of averting a peril insured against. Such expenses, where properly incurred, may be recovered as particular charges or as a general average loss, according to the circumstances under which they were incurred.

66General average loss.

(1)A general average loss is a loss caused by or directly consequential on a general average act. It includes a general average expenditure as well as a general average sacrifice.

(2)There is a general average act where any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is voluntarily and reasonably made or incurred in time of peril for the purpose of preserving the property imperilled in the common adventure.

(3)Where there is a general average loss, the party on whom it falls is entitled, subject to the conditions imposed by maritime law, to a rateable contribution from the other parties interested, and such contribution is called a general average contribution.

(4)Subject to any express provision in the policy, where the assured has incurred a general average expenditure, he may recover from the insurer in respect of the proportion of the loss which falls upon him; and, in the case of a general average sacrifice, he may recover from the insurer in respect of the whole loss without having enforced his right of contribution from the other parties liable to contribute.

(5)Subject to any express provision in the policy, where the assured has paid, or is liable to pay, a general average contribution in respect of the subject insured, he may recover therefor from the insurer.

(6)In the absence of express stipulation, the insurer is not liable for any general average loss or contribution where the loss was not incurred for the purpose of avoiding, or in connexion with the avoidance of, a peril insured against.

(7)Where ship, freight, and cargo, or any two of those interests, are owned by the same assured, the liability of the insurer in respect of general average losses or contributions is to be determined as if those subjects were owned by different persons.

Duty of Assured Clause (ICC)

16 It is the duty of the Assured and their servants and agents in respect of loss recoverable hereunder 16.1 to take such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting or minimising such loss, and

16.2 to ensure that all rights against carriers, bailees or other third parties are properly preserved and exercised and the Underwriters will, in addition to any loss recoverable hereunder, reimburse the Assured for any charges properly and reasonably incurred in pursuance of these duties.

2.2 Extraordinary expenditure or sacrifice

The classic examples of an extraordinary sacrifice that will be allowed in general average is the jettisoning of part of the cargo (Rule I); or causing damage to the ship or cargo for the purpose of making a jettison (Rule II); or pouring water into the holds to extinguish a fire on board a ship and thereby damaging the cargo carried in such holds, including damage by beaching or scuttling a burning ship (Rule III); or voluntary stranding (Rule V); or damage done to machinery or boilers when the ship is aground (Rule VII); or ship’s materials and stores burnt for fuel for the common safety (Rule IX).

The above are subject always to the operation of the York-Antwerp Rules. For example, Rule I of YAR states that: ‘No jettison of cargo shall be made good as general average, unless such cargo is carried in accordance with the recognised custom of the trade’. Similarly, damage to the ship’s machinery or boilers shall only be allowed as general average where such damage is occasioned in attempting to refloat her (Rule VII).

Generally, expenditure that will be allowed as general average will come under one of the following examples:

• Additional expenses which would not normally be allowed as general average, but which replace expenses that would normally be classed as general average (Rule F)
• Expenses incurred in saving the ship and cargo from loss or damage. Classic examples include: the engagement of salvage services following a stranding; the cost of employing lighters to transfer cargo in order to lighten the vessel; and the employment of towage services (Rule X)
• Expenses incurred in lightening the ship when ashore (Rule VIII)
• Expenses for wages etc in port of refuge (Rule XI)
• Expenses for temporary repairs either at the port of loading or a port of refuge (Rule XIV)
• Port of refuge expenses. Many expenses that are incidental to port of refuge expenses are expressly provided for in Rules X and XI of the York-Antwerp Rules.

Outlined by Imam MUSJAB

http://ahliasuransi.com/

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Tel : +628128079130

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References / original sources:

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Edw7/6/41/contents

http://www.lloydslistintelligence.com/llint/print-article.htm;jsessionid=0D2B5C01A3FE8F987952A152028D9618?documentId=240716&articleType=rats

Misalnya: Kapal A kandas akibat diterjang badai dan gelombang tinggi, kapal mengalami kerusakan pada lambung dan pada bagian dasar kapal (hull damage), sebagian kargo di dalam palka terendam air (cargo damage), untuk menyelamatkan kapal berikut kargonya sebagian dari kargo kontainer dibuang ke laut (jettison) sehingga kapal bisa mengapung kembali.

kerusakan pada lambung dan pada bagian dasar kapal (hull damage) –> PA

kargo di dalam palka terendam air (cargo damage) –> PA

kargo kontainer dibuang ke laut (jettison) –> GA

Contoh-contoh General Average Sacrifice

1. membuang barang kelaut (jettison).
2. barang-barang yang rusak kena air sewaktu mematikan api yang terjadi diatas kapal.
3. sengaja merusak bagian kapal demi untuk penyelamatan
4. kerusakan mesin dalam usaha refloating karena kapal kandas

Contoh-contoh General Average Expenditure

1. biaya bongkar/muat barang karena kapal kandas
2. ongkos sewa gudang untuk menyimpan barang sewaktu perbaikan kapal yang rusak.
3. ongkos menarik kapal yang memuat barang dan berada dalam keadaan bahaya
4. biaya-biaya perbaikan sementara yang dilakukan oleh crews

dan lain sebagainya

Jika ada pertanyaan, silakan hubungi

Imam MUSJAB

Tel +628128079130

Email : imusjab@gmail.com or imam.musjab@qbe.co.id

Baca lebih lanjut :

Marine Cargo Insurance Claim : Particular Average v General Average

What is a General Average (GA)?

Referensi / original sources:

http://www.lloydslistintelligence.com/llint/print-article.htm;jsessionid=0D2B5C01A3FE8F987952A152028D9618?documentId=240716&articleType=rats

http://www.akademiasuransi.org/2012/10/jenis-klaim-asuransi-marine-cargo.html

Harga Pertanggungan (Insured Value) dalam asuransi pengangkutan barang (marine cargo insurance) tidak hanya terbatas pada harga barang (invoice value) namun juga dapat meliputi:

• (a) harga barang (invoice value)
• (b) biaya-biaya (incidental charges) seperti biaya pengepakan (packing), transportasi darat, transportasi laut (freight),
• (c) Margin 10% s/d 20% untuk
  • (i) biaya administrasi,
  • (ii) penambahan biaya, misalnya jika harus re-order karena kargo rusak atau hilang
  • (iii) margin keuntungan jika barang dijual di tempat tujuan (profit margin),
• (d) pajak dan bea import (import duties, taxes, etc)

Oleh karenanya sangat penting untuk menghitung Harga Pertanggungan yang memadai agar nantinya jika terjadi klaim mendapatkan kompensasi ganti rugi yang cukup, dan yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah menyampaikan kepada Penanggung (perusahaan asuransi) perhitungan Harga Pertanggungan tersebut supaya tidak terjadi perselisihan jikalau terjadi klaim.

Contoh perhitungan Harga Pertanggungan untuk kargo yang di-import dari Tiongkok ke Tangerang melalui Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok (Jakarta), misalnya :

Harga CIF Tanjung Priok (Jakarta)                         : $100,000

Margin 10%                                                                : $10,000

Import duties, taxes etc 40%                                     : $40,000

Total Harga Pertanggungan                                       : $150,000

Jika kargo hilang dalam perjalanan dari Tiongkok ke Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok (Jakarta), Berapa klaim yang akan dibayar oleh perusahaan asuransi?

Jika kargo hilang dalam perjalanan dari Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok (Jakarta) ke Tangerang, Berapa klaim yang akan dibayar oleh perusahaan asuransi?

Ayo, dihitung !

Jika ada pertanyaan, silakan hubungi

Imam MUSJAB

Tel +628128079130

Email : imusjab@gmail.com or imam.musjab@qbe.co.id

The cut-through clause is a provision in a reinsurance agreement which clarifies that, should the primary insurer becomes insolvent, the reinsurer is still liable for its stated share of the loss but that payment will be made directly to the insured and not to the insurer as is normally done.

Many types of “cut-through-clause” wordings, please use as may be appropriate

CUT THROUGH CLAUSE

It is hereby noted and agreed that the sum insured under policy nº [enter policy number] issued by the [enter name of ceding co.] is issued in [enter currency A] and in [enter currency B]. The [currency A] portion is specifically reinsured by the [enter name of reinsurance co.] (The reinsurers).

Premium for the portion reinsured with the Reinsurers shall be remitted to reinsurers by way of [broker’s name] who shall pay the same proportion of any claim agreed for settlement to insured in [Currency A].

It is agreed that such direct payment of premium and claim in the agreed proportion shall be adequate evidence of full discharge from further liability of the insureds, Reinsurers and Reinsured for such premium and claim.

Subject to the application of claims control clause stated above, the Reinsured shall have the full authority and overall responsibility to the Reinsurer(s) for undertaking survey, claim adjustment and any other necessary procedure for claim settlement thereof, it being understood that any survey and other settling fees shall be borne by the Reinsured and Reinsurer in proportion to their respective interests

CUT THROUGH CLAUSE

It is understood and agreed that in the event of failure of the reassured to pay a recoverable claim under their policy for account of original assured then such original assured (subject to the provisions of the Loss Payee Clause in the original policy) shall be entitled to recover claims directly from reinsurers through their brokers only for the proportion subscribed by reinsurers subject to the reinsurance policy terms and conditions and subject to all premiums due as of the date of loss being fully paid and so same claim amount having been paid and/or agreement reached to pay by reinsuring underwriters to the reassured.

All claims that have been paid by the reinsuring underwriters to the reinsurance broker and/or the reassured (s) shall be deemed to have been paid to the assured.

CUT THROUGH CLAUSE

It is understood and agreed that in the event of failure of the reassured to pay a recoverable claim under this policy for account of original assured then such original assured (subject to the provisions of the Loss Payee Clause in the original policy) shall be entitled to recover claims directly from reinsurers through their brokers only for the proportion subscribed by reinsurers subject to the reinsurance policy terms and conditions and subject to all premiums due as of the date of loss being fully paid and so same claim amount having been paid and/or agreement reached to pay by reinsuring underwriters to the reassured.

CUT THROUGH CLAUS

The Reinsurers and the Reinsured hereby agree that if the Reinsured shall at any time become insolvent or are otherwise prevented from meeting their obligations and if written notice is given to the Reinsurers of such insolvency or liability to meet obligations the Reinsurers shall pay to the Original Insured or the mortgagee as stipulated in the Loss Payable or Mortgagee Clause attached to the original policy that portion of any loss due to the Original Insured (or the mortgagee as the case may be) from the Reinsured which represents the liability of the Reinsurers to the Reinsured under the terms of the Policy, less the premium, if any, due to the Reinsurers, it being agreed that such payment by Reinsurers to the said Original Insured (or the mortgagee as the case may be) or any payment made by Reinsurers to the Reinsured shall fully discharge and release the Reinsured and Reinsurers from any and all liability in connection with such loss.

http://fortunes-de-mer.com/documents%20pdf/clauses/Cut%20Through%20Clause.pdf

Before considering a cut-through clause, the laws of the jurisdiction where the ceding insurer conducts business must be examined. It is important to know if the cut-through is enforceable in that state and not considered an unauthorized preference in liquidation. For the insured, it is important to know whether the reinsurer has the financial stability to make a cut-through provision worthwhile negotiating. For the ceding insurer, it is important to know if the reinsurance recoverables from an agreement with a cut-through provision can be claimed as a credit on its financial statement. For the reinsurer, it is important to know if it will be subject to direct liability by the policyholder and the nature of the cut-through trigger.

http://www.irmi.com/expert/articles/2001/schiffer03.aspx

http://www.dfs.ny.gov/insurance/ogco2000/rg006141.htm

ww.mallesons.com/publications/marketAlerts/2011/Insurance_and_Reinsurance_Update_June_2011/Pages/Cut-through-reinsurance-clauses—enforceability.aspx